(2847) Proposal to conserve the name Anthurium microspadix against A. porrectum ( Araceae )

(2847) Anthurium microspadix Schott in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 8: 180. Jun 1858 [Angiosp.: Ar.], nom. cons. prop. Neotypus (hic designatus): Costa Rica, Cartago, Cantón de Jiménez, Selva, Tausito, 18 Jan 1996, Cascante & al. 924 (MO No. 4961354, barcode MO-928001; isoneotypus: CR). (=) porrectum 1858, rej. Lectotypus (vide Croat Baker Brenesia 16(Supl. 1): 61. Dec 1979): Desengaño, 8000’, 9 Mai 1857, Wendland 841 (GOET GOET000236). was described by Heinrich Wilhelm June (in 1858) based on material that had been collected Danish botanist Anders Oersted “bei Naranjo Costa-rica.” [In (l.c. 1858: 179), the generic name printed as ‘Anthaeria’, but all species under this are included (Prodr. Syst. Aroid.: 583–585. 1860) Anthurium, ‘Anthaeria’ would appear to be just a typographical error.] In his lone subsequent account of A. microspadix, 1860: 444) added only phrase “vid. s. Herbar. Oersted” (i.e., “I have seen it dried state Oersted's herbarium”). Later authors provided negligible or questionable additional details. Engler Candolle Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 2: 112. 1879) located specimen more precisely at C citing “Oerstedt h. Hafn.” Some years later, Jahrb. 25: 382. 1898) confused matters apparently conflating two distinct Rican localities named “Naranjo” “in silvis ad flumen Rio Narango [sic], alt. 200–250 m (Oerstedt, Tonduz Pitt. et Dur. Pl. costar. n. 7524. — Florif. m. Mart. 1893).” (who died 1872) could no involvement with cited collection, and is not known visited its Pacific lowland locality, Puntarenas Province along Río (near Puerto Quepos); (and other early collectors) very near site town presently for least past 131 years) Juan Viñas (Tonduz Bull. Herb. Boissier 3: 458. 1895), Atlantic slope Rica about 1242 elevation Cartago life zone much favorable microspadix). Even though 7524 (CR) does indeed represent (B.E. Hammel, pers. comm.), clearly qualify original material. No indications has detected works published during century. Standley occasion use twice Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Ser. 18(1): 134. 1937, Ann. Missouri Gard. 31: 21. 1944), did cite type either publication. 1979) “Oersted s.n.”, from “near Naranjo”, qualification “Type: Not found”, adhered formula revisonary (Croat 70: 325. 1983, 14: 140. 1986; Aroideana 32: 79. 2009), some (e.g., Espejo Serna López-Ferrari, Monocot. Mex. Sin. Florist. 15. 1993). It evident (by authors) since time Engler. Riedl Riedl-Dorn Taxon 37: 846–854. 1986) listed among “were present Schott's herbarium Vienna, longer exist there”, indicating one sheet involved. specimens conceivably representing manifest JSTOR Global Plants Database (accessed 11 Oct 2021). thus seems highly likely collection destroyed W World War II. A drawing (No. 322) presumably depicting can found “icones” photographed (N.Y.B.G. Neg. N.S. 3812) distributed various herbaria MO-2484620); however, notion undated unpublished illustrations constitute conjectural (see, e.g., Grayum 47: 4–5. 1996). absence any elements identifiable unequivocally material, neotypification option, I find evidence ever effectively neotypified. Therefore, an exemplary modern effected above. chosen Province, relatively locality (which now destitute natural vegetation), duplicated matches well both protologue lost holotype, especially having subcordate-based leaves small (shorter than spathe) flowering spadix. The names Schott, tapinostachyum same paper (indeed, page), treated 1979 Baker, l.c.) applying single species, three oldest applicable species. Code (ICN Art. 11.5; Turland Regnum Veg. 159. 2018) specifies that, whenever “a choice possible beetween legitimate equal priority corresponding rank, […] first such establishes over competing name(s) […]”. earliest involving aforementioned certainly Martius, Fl. Bras. 3(2): 54–55. 1878), who accepted tapinostachyum, while synonym former. This taxonomic view reiterated following year 1879: 112–115), regaining modicum recognition var. (Schott) Engl. Two decades changed tune, restoring synonym, continuing accept separate taxonomy employed Engler's partial treatment Araceae Henri Pittier's Primitiae florae Costaricensis Anales Inst. Fís.-Geogr. Nac. 9: 204–205. (though mentioned there all) Das Pflanzenreich monograph (Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 23B (Heft 21): 106–109. 1905), which remain influential into 20th foregoing paragraph makes clear respect established, favor latter, former 1898). Although may impossible prove negative hypothesis, unlikely anyone else addressed these previously, because few if 1865) were working New second half 19th never point moot purpose hand. According precedent, correct includes types must porrectum: cannot used also tapinostachyum). actual usage porrectum, followed slightly different course. As far determine, last-mentioned again after being synonymized 1898. Few botanists specialized Neotropical regions result, diversity general often underestimated, tendency (as many plant families) names, countries. During period, floristic work was, apparently, Paul Standley's “Flora Rica” 18: 134–135. 1937), accepting ostensibly Another 32 pass before (together tapinostachyum) applied (without comment) (l.c.), mistakenly chose name. [Croat (l.c.) typified synonyms considering above holotype porrectum. Because protologue, corrected lectotype 9.10 ICN.] interim, question overlooked, (perhaps) misapplied Macbride Field. 13(1): 428–486. 1936; Matuda Biol. Univ. México 97–218. 1954), using Steyermark Fieldiana, 24(1): 321. 1958; Bunting Gentes 290–382. 1965; Molina Ceiba 19: 23. 1975, tuerckheimii Engl., Guatemalan type). Flora Panama, 20–22. 1944) thereunder actually corresponds pallens (according determination T.B. Croat, 1975); currently identified gracilens Standl. (based Panamanian type, deemed synonymous microspadix) pallens. Similarly, Dodson Gentry Selbyana 4: 52. 1978) retusum Sodiro Ecuadorian considered determined (at MO) microspadix. Since l.c.), consistently, exclusion acknowledged synonyms, 20 major revisions, flora treatments, checklists, e.g.: 1986), Balick Mem. York 85: 171. 2000), Stiebel 146. 2001), Govaerts Frodin (World Checkl. Bibliogr. Araceae: 139–140. 2002), 92: 91. 2003), Correa (Cat. Vasc. Panamá: 111. 2004), Galeano Bernal al., Cat. Líquenes Colombia 1: 709–710. 2016). proposal seeks secure widely 40 conserving prior disuse equivalent period. involved inconspicuous, standards genus, cultivated ornamental purposes; documented ethnobotanical economic uses Plowman Econ. 23: 97–122. 1969), subject significant ecological studies. That said, commonest, most widespread, frequently members sizeable (ca. 1000 species) genus. ranges southern Mexico Bolivia, mainly montane habitats 500–2950 elevation, modest size easy accessibility, convenient collect, press, dry. Tropicos database Botanical Garden 2021) 824 records entire geographic range, compared 4 porrectum; whatever worth, Google search (undertaken 30 Jul returned 16 times hits (3570, vs. 215) Should rejected, replaced necessitating re-annotation hundreds specimens, wide range herbaria, engendering confusion literature. MHG, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9501-1161 am grateful Fred R. Barrie (MO) valuable insights preparation manuscript, Barry E. Hammel consulting critical CR herbarium. submitted draft improved editorial corrections suggestions John McNeill Wiersema.